CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTIGATIONS

CRYPTOCURRENCY INVESTIGATIONS
By: Keven Hendricks

It is undeniable that cryptocurrency is a polarizing topic, especially for us in law enforcement. Since the first transaction was posted on the Bitcoin blockchain in 2009, cryptocurrency has risen from a cumbersome fiefdom of the internet to a Crypto ATM being installed at your local convenience store. While many in law enforcement have become familiar with cryptocurrencies by partaking in the investment furor, attracted by the extreme market volatility, I have ascertained that knowledge of how cryptocurrencies work remains overwhelmingly scarce among the law enforcement fanfare. To be succinct: There are many who want to make money off cryptocurrencies, but few who understand the coins they are so quick to throw money at actually function. Terms like “lettuce hands,” “diamond hands” and “hodl” have become entrenched as internet colloquialisms surrounding the crypto zeitgeist, but for as many rags to riches stories we all have read, the harrowing truth is that law enforcement across the country is being inundated with complaints of cryptocurrency-facilitated crimes. From sextortion to fraud/“pig butchering,” I challenge you to find me a department that hasn’t handled a case that had a nexus to cryptocurrencies in some way. And that question I ask: What is being done to help adequately address this epidemic? Are departments nationwide prioritizing training and dedicating personnel to handle cybercrime cases? Sadly, the answer is no. There needs to be a paradigm shift in the way cryptocurrency cases are handled, and this is no easy task for a profession that has been historically resistant to change. State and local police departments CAN investigate cryptocurrency cases, and these CAN lead to significant financial seizures as well as prosecutions. If you find yourself asking “How?” my hope is that this article will give you the knowledge and confidence you need to finally address the mountain of cryptocurrency fraud cases your department was previously writing off as “unsolvable”.

The first thing that I want you to understand that investing in cryptocurrency is divorced from investigating cryptocurrency. You do not need to understand why Bitcoin’s value ebbs and flows daily in order to successfully investigate any crypto case. The definition of cryptocurrency says it’s a digital currency with a public ledger maintained by decentralized authority.Whether or not you like cryptocurrencies, you yourself use a digitized form of currency each day when you transact with your debit/credit card or virtual wallet service (i.e. CashApp, Venmo). The difference? Your digital currency is regulated by your financial institution or credit card provider that approves or declines the usage. Cryptocurrency, however, needs the blockchain/public ledger to authenticate and confirm every transaction, which is maintained by a decentralized collective that maintain the blockchain. The term “untraceable” or “anonymous” usually accompanies talks of crimes facilitated by cryptocurrency, and that certainly needs to be purged from our minds. Because Bitcoin is unequivocally the most popular, valuable, and desired of the 2.4 million traded cryptos, a majority of cases police departments are seeing connect to Bitcoin. This is certainly something I equate as being good news, since Bitcoin’s blockchain is very transparent and auditable. Every single transaction since 2009, no matter how small, has been and continues to be posted to the blockchain.

It is unfortunately all too common that police departments across the US would rather refer victims to utilize IC3.gov instead of fielding the reports themselves. I vehemently disagree with this mindset, as this often makes victims of cryptocurrency-facilitated crimes feel helpless and that law enforcement cannot do anything for them. On the contrary, police departments fielding the initial report from the victim and entering the information into IC3.gov on the behest of the victim would be a much better practice. There is A LOT that you can do from an investigative approach just by getting a transactional hash or a wallet address. While this article specifically highlights Bitcoin, the fundamentals transcend to other cryptocurrencies as well, included the Smart Contract blockchains like Ethereum and Tron. Victims sometimes are not aware how auditable and viewable these blockchains are, nor would they know that providing wallet information or transaction hashes could help further their case, whether receiving reimbursement for their losses or future identification/prosecution of suspects. While some exchanges can be domiciled outside the United States, many comply with requests from United States law enforcement with varying caveats. Such major exchanges as Coinbase, Binance, OKX, and Kraken are complaint to requests from law enforcement. IC3.gov reporting data accounts for over $12.5 billion in losses for 2023, the highest year to date with 2024 prospected to be even higher. I challenge you to find a comparable area of criminality that affects the global economy as much. Furthermore, the most common medium in which the reported stolen funds are often being moved is cryptocurrency.

The adage “Necessity is the mother of Invention” is true today more than ever. Similar to the formation of the National Center For Missing And Exploited Children in 1984 after the highly publicized abduction and murder of Adam Walsh in 1981 as well as the subsequent advocacy by John & Reve Walsh; we in law enforcement often don’t see plausible solutions to persistent problems until they are necessary. Being a prosecutor with one of the most proactive local cyber task forces within the Santa Clara District Attorney’s Office, Erin West stood on the front lines of a war against cyber fraudsters and realized that law enforcement is on the losing side. Her formation of the Operation Shamrock https://operationshamrock.org/ nonprofit is intended to create a unilateral front of both law enforcement/public sector, and private sector to raise awareness, adequately educate and empower those who seek to help stomp out the fastest-growing area of criminality in the world. These types of cases are not “unsolvable” as we in law enforcement are so quick to categorize them. The current lackadaisical approach only emboldens the criminals. The amount of resources offered to law enforcement to assist with cryptocurrency, whether via a service like RISS.net, or educational webinars I have personally conducted with NW3C, are more available now than they ever have been. The belief that there must be some sort of astronomical budget to subsidize software procurement is just as big of a myth as cryptocurrency being “untraceable” and “anonymous”. We all collectively need to prioritize cybercrime cases, and by proxy cryptocurrency cases, with the urgency and due diligence they deserve.

In closing, I would like to part with a question that I feel we already know the answer to: Are we doing enough to help those who have been victimized by cryptocurrency facilitated crimes?

For more specific information and possible assistance with blockchain investigations contact the author @ keven@ubivisproject.org

Keven Hendricks is a 18-year law enforcement veteran previously serving on FBI and DEA task forces combating cybercrime. His expertise has been quoted in The Washington Post, NPR, Wired, & The Economist. He is a published author with the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin and is currently working as an instructor for various training companies, teaching classes for law enforcement on the dark web and cybercrimes. He is recognized as a subject-matter expert in the field of dark web investigations by the Department of Defense and the founder of the Ubivis Project (ubivisproject.org).

Managing Editor's Message

It’s here! 2025 is a year full of promise. As the Independent Voice of Law Enforcement BLUE Magazine is having quite an impact!

Many congratulations are in order. Our 47th President and supporter of BLUE, Donald J. Trump, his Vice President J.D. Vance and their stellar cabinet along with other appointees such as Border Czar Tom Homan lead in our salute to achievement. Congratulations also go out to Blue Magazine Writer, Police Chief Dr. Ron Camacho, who credits, in part, the exposure from his impressive articles on leadership that we published in BLUE Magazine for helping to make his dream come true being appointed as Police Chief for the 300+ officers of the North Charleston (SC) PD. Also, special mention goes out to BLUE magazine Executive Editor/Editor-in-Chief Emeritus George Beck for his promotion to second in command as Captain in the Palisades Park (NJ) PD.

I am most grateful to have been named as BLUE Magazine’s Editor-in-Chief moving forward. This honor would not have been possible without our stellar team of writers, editors, and supporters.

In this issue… Keven Hendricks gives us useful information via his cover story on Cryptocurrency Investigations. John Giduck gives us an in-depth view of the necessity of a warrior mentality both in military operations and in domestic law enforcement invia his insightful essay:  The Horror of Real Hand-to-Hand Combat: A Case Study from the Ukraine War. Self-care is addressed in this issue as our personal health and resilience must remain front and center. As Monica Crawford of Five-O Fierce and Fit frequently tells us "you can't pour from an empty cup." Welcome to Dr. Natanya Wachtel Blue Magazine’s new columnist on mental health in law enforcement. She will feature real stories from officers who have faced mental health issues. Her goal is to provide insights, practical advice, and accessible wellness tips for those who may be navigating similar struggles.

Looking ahead, we remain encouraged and are focused on promoting and protecting the protectors in and of law enforcement. Stay connected as we soar to new heights. We are always nearby so feel free to reach out to us and our sister organization Moment of Silence. We are here for you now and always.

Joel E. Gordon

Editor-in-Chief

Chief Joel Gordon (Ret.) Promoted to Editor-in-Chief of Blue Magazine

Chief Joel Gordon (Ret.) Promoted to Editor-in-Chief of Blue Magazine

Blue Magazine is honored to announce the promotion of Chief Joel E. Gordon (Ret.) to editor-in-chief. Chief Gordon has distinguished himself over the past nine years at Blue Magazine. Starting as a contributing writer, Chief Gordon was quickly promoted to associate editor as his passion, intellect, skill in journalism and editing abilities were impressive and unmatched. In 2021, Chief Gordon was selected as managing editor, where he continually worked to lead Blue Magazine to higher levels of success.

Chief Gordon is a former field training officer with the Baltimore City Police Department and is a past Chief of Police for the city of Kingwood, West Virginia. He has also served as vice-chair of a multi-jurisdictional regional narcotics task force. He is the author of the book “Still Seeking Justice: One Officer’s Story” and founded the popular Facebook group Police Authors Seeking Justice. Chief Gordon is the past recipient of our most prestigious award for Senior Journalist of the Year and has earned several additional journalism awards.

Congratulations, and thank you, Chief Gordon, for all you do for our publication and law enforcement on the national stage. We are honored to have you now serve as the editor-in-chief of Blue Magazine. We wish you much success in your new position.

George M. Beck, Jr. Ph.D.
Executive Editor/Editor-in-Chief Emeritus

40 Million Yearly Crime Victimizations-Millions Experience Emotional Distress

40 Million Yearly Crime Victimizations-Millions Experience Emotional Distress
By: Leonard Adam Sipes, Jr.

As a police officer, I responded to a call for an active burglary. When I arrived, I was greeted outside by a frantic mother and children who claimed that someone was in the basement. Upon investigation, no one was there and there were no signs of a breaking and entering.

However, the woman and children were distraught (understatement). They begged me to stay. The problem was that my calls were backing up; I had the woman call my supervisor to get permission to remain. After about 30 minutes, they were calm enough for me to leave.

One of the impressions of police work is how powerful all types of victimizations are to those affected. People move because of crime. I knew of a new television executive moving out of Baltimore City because his garage was broken into three times to steal bikes. He wanted to experience life in the city but moved his family close to the Pennsylvania line in northern Baltimore County.

The findings below from the National Crime Victimization Survey of the USDOJ underplay the impact of crime by focusing on crimes of violence when the reality is that many are devastated by property crimes; victims often believe the offender will return. They spend thousands of dollars on security devices. They purchase firearms. The stories of identity theft victims losing their life savings are heartbreaking.

Readers should understand that all criminal activity (or perceptions of criminal activity) have the potential to significantly alter (destroy?) communities.

What puzzles me and others is that the plight of crime victims is routinely ignored by policymakers and the media. It’s as if victimization is something they need to get over and move on with their lives.

We wouldn’t do that to people experiencing severe medical or mental health issues or members of marginalized groups experiencing attacks; we’re ready to march in the streets for everyone except victims of crime.

Why is that?

National Crime Victimization Survey

Violent victimization is known to have consequences on victims’ lives, including negatively impacting their social and emotional well-being, see Socio-Emotional Impact of Violent Crime. In the National Crime Victimization Survey, socio-emotional consequences of crime include moderate to severe emotional distress, significant problems with friends or family, and significant problems with one’s job or schoolwork. Victimizations reflect the total number of times that persons were victims of crime.

Key Findings:

·         Overall, 68% of victims of serious violence experienced socio-emotional problems as a result of their victimization

·         Nearly half of all violent victimizations (47%) resulted in moderate to severe distress to the victim. About 22% of violent victimizations resulted in the victim experiencing significant problems with family or friends, and 18% caused significant problems with their job or schoolwork. 

·         More than half of rape or sexual assault (63%), robbery (59%), and aggravated assault (52%) victimizations resulted in moderate to severe distress to the victim, compared to less than half of simple assault (40%) victimizations. 

·         The victim reported significant problems with family or friends following 18% of simple assault victimizations, which was lower than the percentages for rape or sexual assault (34%), robbery (30%), and aggravated assault victimizations (26%).

·         The victim reported significant problems with their job or schoolwork after 13% of robbery victimizations and 15% of simple assault victimizations, both lower than the percentages reported after rape or sexual assault (29%) and aggravated assault (22%) victimizations.

·         A greater percentage of female than male victims experienced socio-emotional problems, regardless of the type of violence or victim–offender relationship.

·         The majority (91%) of violent crime victims with socioemotional problems experienced one or more emotional symptoms for a month or more. Most (61%) experienced one or more physical symptoms for a month or more.

·         About 9 in 10 IPV victims who lived in households headed by single females experienced socioemotional problems

Few understand or are willing to acknowledge the massive psychological and financial impact of criminal victimization. Sympathy and assistance seem to come from the law enforcement community and victim advocates. Beyond them, few seem to care. The criminological community or media or advocates rarely (if ever) mention the societal impact of crime victimization.

No demonstrations or events are defending or advocating for crime victims.

In the last report from the National Crime Victimization Survey, there were 6,624,950 victims of violent crime and 13.4 million property victimizations of U.S. households. Per the USDOJ, 23 million persons reported being victims of identity theft during the prior 12 months, costing $15.1 billion.

We are addressing well over 40 million criminal victimizations yearly. Victimization may exceed half the population when you combine violent and property crime with identity theft and cybercrime.

According to Gallup, fear of crime is at record highs. According to polls, crime is at the top of voter concerns. Crime is the second most important topic (beyond weather) for local news. Crime is a top reason for people moving.

Yet few care about victims. People expressing concerns about crime, per Gallup, are subject to a slew of national articles suggesting that their feelings are unjustified. They imply that Americans concerned about crime are either silly or irrational.

When was the last time a major media outlet addressed the needs of crime victims? When was the last demonstration calling for the rights of crime victims? The damage done to crime victims is the same as attacks on any group of people, yet the issue is mostly ignored. A greater percentage of female than male victims experienced socio-emotional problems yet #metoo seems missing in action.

Why?

Leonard Adam Sipes, Jr.is a retired federal senior spokesperson. A former Adjunct Associate Professor of Criminology and Public Affairs - University of Maryland. Former advisor to the “McGruff-Take a Bite Out of Crime” national media campaign. Past police officer. Aspiring drummer. Operator of CrimeinAmerica.net. His book based on thirty-five years of criminal justice public relations,” Success with the Media: Everything You Need to Survive Reporters and Your Organization” is available at Amazon and additional booksellers. He can also be found @ leonardsipes.com

Terror Attacks on American Streets and the Police Response

Terror Attacks on American Streets and the Police Response
By Lt. Joseph Pangaro (Ret) CPM, CSO, MOI

The United States continues to face a dynamic and multifaceted terrorism threat landscape, necessitating vigilant preparedness and response strategies from law enforcement agencies nationwide. Recent incidents, such as the January 2025 terrorist attack on Bourbon Street in New Orleans, where an assailant drove into a crowd, resulting in multiple casualties, underscore the persistent danger posed by both domestic and international actors.

Current Terrorism Threats in the USA

The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) 2025 Homeland Threat Assessment indicates that the terrorism threat environment within the homeland remains high. The assessment highlights concerns over individuals with terrorism ties attempting to exploit migration flows to enter the United States, as well as the potential for violent extremist responses to the 2024 election cycle and escalating tensions in the Middle East.

Additionally, the National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) Bulletin issued in May 2023 emphasizes that lone offenders and small groups, motivated by a range of ideological beliefs and personal grievances continue to pose a persistent and lethal threat to the homeland. Both domestic violent extremists and those associated with foreign terrorist organizations increase the threat.

In a CNN story, Christopher Wray, former director of the FBI, recently said he has never seen a time during his decades-long career when so many threats against the US were all as elevated as they are now, warning senators he sees “blinking lights everywhere.”

The attack on New Orleans is potentially just the beginning.  As a police trainer for many years, I see trends in training that develop after a high profile incident takes place. Some of this training has great value, other responses and the training that is created is simply a knee jerk reaction to public pressure.

To help our local, county and state police officers prepare to identify and respond to a potential terror incident means we have to develop a curriculum for this topic and then provide the training for every officer. That may require federal or state funding, but not doing it is asking for problems. 

Here are some ideas on programs and skill sets that are needed.

Preparing for and Responding to Terrorism Threats

To effectively address these evolving threats, police agencies must adopt a comprehensive approach that includes training and intelligence sharing. Realistic drills, constant review of threats and a way to receive information from citizens are also important.

Recommended Training Programs for Law Enforcement

Several specialized training programs are available to equip law enforcement personnel with the necessary skills to counter terrorism effectively:

·         State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training (SLATT) Program: Sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, SLATT provides online training modules covering a wide range of counterterrorism topics tailored for state, local, tribal, and territorial law enforcement officers.

·         Counterterrorism Division at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC): FLETC offers high-quality training courses related to terrorism methodology, threat response, threat mitigation, and infrastructure protection. Their programs are designed to enhance the capabilities of law enforcement officers in counterterrorism efforts.

·         FBI Training Programs: The FBI provides various training opportunities, including the FBI National Academy, which offers coursework in intelligence theory,

Based on the research, several specific skills and training areas can significantly enhance the preparedness of local and state police officers to respond to terrorist threats:

1. Critical Incident Management

·         Training Focus: Leadership and coordination during emergencies, especially in scenarios involving multiple agencies.

·         Key Skills:

o    Incident command system (ICS) training.

o    Decision-making under pressure.

o    Communication and interoperability between agencies.

·         Suggested Programs: FEMA’s National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS) training courses.

2. Active Shooter Response

·         Training Focus: Tactics for neutralizing active shooters and protecting civilians in high-risk situations.

·         Key Skills:

o    Room-clearing techniques.

o    Engaging threats in crowded or confined spaces.

o    Civilian evacuation and medical triage support.

·         Suggested Programs: Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) at Texas State University.

3. Behavioral Analysis and Threat Recognition

·         Training Focus: Identifying pre-attack indicators and suspicious behavior.

·         Key Skills:

o    Recognizing signs of radicalization or "leakage" (statements or actions suggesting violent intent).

o    Proficiency in behavioral analysis techniques.

o    Conducting effective threat assessments.

·         Suggested Programs: FBI’s Behavioral Analysis Unit training and the Terrorism Liaison Officer (TLO) program.

4. Community Engagement and Intelligence Gathering

·         Training Focus: Building trust within communities to encourage the reporting of suspicious activities.

·         Key Skills:

o    Effective communication and cultural sensitivity.

o    Encouraging citizen involvement in security efforts.

o    Analyzing tips and leads from community members.

·         Suggested Programs: DHS’s "If You See Something, Say Something®" campaign integration training and Fusion Center liaison programs.

5. Counter-Surveillance Techniques

·         Training Focus: Detecting and disrupting surveillance conducted by potential terrorists.

·         Key Skills:

o    Identifying unusual patterns in surveillance activity.

o    Using surveillance equipment to monitor public spaces.

o    Collaboration with private security entities to expand observation capabilities.

·         Suggested Programs: DHS’s Counter-Surveillance Detection Training and local FBI field office workshops.

6. Explosives and Hazardous Materials Awareness

·         Training Focus: Recognizing and responding to explosive devices and hazardous materials.

·         Key Skills:

o    Bomb threat response and evacuation protocols.

o    Identifying chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats.

o    Working with bomb squads and hazardous materials (HAZMAT) units.

·         Suggested Programs: National Bomb Squad Commanders Advisory Board (NABSCAB) training and DHS’s Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Awareness Workshop.

7. Cybersecurity and Technology Proficiency

·         Training Focus: Identifying and mitigating cyber threats related to terrorism.

·         Key Skills:

o    Analyzing social media and online communications for terrorist planning.

o    Monitoring and addressing cybersecurity vulnerabilities.

o    Using data analytics tools to track suspicious digital activity.

·         Suggested Programs: FBI’s Cyber Shield Alliance training and DHS’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) programs.

8. Medical and Tactical Emergency Care

·         Training Focus: Providing immediate medical aid during or after a terrorist attack.

·         Key Skills:

o    Applying tourniquets, chest seals, and other life-saving measures.

o    Operating under combat-like conditions.

o    Supporting emergency medical services (EMS) in mass casualty situations.

·         Suggested Programs: Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC) and Stop the Bleed® programs.

9. Cultural and Religious Awareness

·         Training Focus: Understanding diverse communities to prevent cultural missteps and build trust.

·         Key Skills:

o    Knowledge of different religions and customs.

o    Sensitivity to cultural dynamics that may be exploited by terrorist groups.

o    Collaborating with community leaders to counteract radicalization.

·         Suggested Programs: Local law enforcement cultural competency workshops and specialized FBI training.

10. Scenario-Based Training

·         Training Focus: Simulated exercises to replicate real-world terrorism scenarios.

·         Key Skills:

o    Practicing coordinated responses to complex threats.

o    Testing communication channels and rapid decision-making.

o    Learning from post-exercise debriefings to refine strategies.

·         Suggested Programs: DHS’s Full-Scale Exercise (FSE) toolkit and multi-agency regional drills.

Investing in these targeted training programs and skills will empower local and state police officers to effectively address the evolving terrorism threats within their jurisdictions.

Pangaro cited Sources:

New York Post

Department of Homeland Security

Slatt

https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/05/politics/fbi-director-senate-hearing/index.html

Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers

Joseph Pangaro is a 27-year veteran of law enforcement. He retired in 2013 at the rank of Lieutenant and currently serves as the Director of School Safety and Security for a large school district in NJ. He is also the owner of Pangaro Training and Management, a company that provides training to the public and private sector on a host of topics. Email: JPangaro@Yahoo.com

The Horror of Real Hand-to-Hand Combat: A Case Study from the Ukraine War

The Horror of Real Hand-to-Hand Combat: A Case Study from the Ukraine War
By: Dr. John Giduck, JD, Ph.D.

All the tactical professions need to enter a new era of reality-based close-quarters battle preparedness. Nowhere is that truer than with American police. Every day, police must put their hands on often-resistant suspects, far more than the military does. This translates to the necessity that current defensive tactics (DT) training abandon systems that are more fashion than effectiveness. To not do this, risks the safety and lives of our officers. This reality is a focus of my just-released book 1500 Years of Fighting: The Complete Book of Russian, Ukrainian and Soviet Martial Arts From Cossacks to Spetsnaz and Beyond. It includes a critical analysis of the fighting training of US military, Special Forces and law enforcement (LE) relative to the peerless ability of the Russians, who employ systems that began to be developed 15 centuries ago and have been evolved for modern policing and military operations.

On 2 Jan 2025, SOFX posted video footage from a GoPro camera mounted on a Ukrainian soldier’s helmet that documents a hand-to-hand engagement between he and a Russian soldier that concludes with the Ukrainian’s death (https://www.sofx.com/graphic-helmet-footage-captures-intense-hand-to-hand-combat-between-ukraine-and-russian-soldiers/). The Ukrainian soldier involved in the incident, whose identity has not been released, was participating in a clearing operation in the area. There are two video versions on the site. One is 15 minutes long and the other 8:04 in length.

The longer footage begins with Ukrainian drones striking targets in the area that was later cleared by ground forces. The Ukrainian soldier engaged in a firefight, then encountered the Russian combatant. The ability to discern everything that occurs is difficult. I viewed this tape at least a dozen times, slowing it down to quarter-second increments and freezing the frame continuously to determine what exactly occurred in each moment. I compiled a step-by-step analysis of this close-quarter fight in the Ukraine War from the eight-minute tape. The full time-elapsed narrative can be found on my book’s website under the Articles section @ www.giduck-books.com. This is the very combat reality that I address in-depth in 1500 Years of Fighting. In the book I critically examine the most popular martial arts today, and assess the US Army’s adoption of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) techniques vis-à-vis their efficacy in real world hand-to-hand combat scenarios. However, the same is needed for many police departments’ and SWAT teams’ defensive tactics training programs.

Points that are emphasized in the book include never going to your back with an opponent pulled on top of you, unless absolutely necessary. This technique has come to be known as the Gracie Guard and is a favored move in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ). With it, you lie on your back with your legs wrapped around a person on top of you. It has proven to be an adequate sport technique seen in the UFC and other MMA events, but it has little application in a true fight with no rules. In that position, as you hug your opponent to you, he is perfectly situated to bite your nose and ears off, amputate your fingers with his teeth, take out pieces of your face and even bite your throat out. The Russian Special Forces (Spetsnaz) call this “tactical biting”. They are the only people I ever trained with who teach biting as a combat discipline. It is also a position you never want to be in if your opponent might be armed, which is something police must always assume. You also lose the ability to observe or control his access to a knife or gun. He has the advantage of using his bodyweight and gravity against you. Again, this is a fine technique on a flat mat with no obstacles impeding your movements and when rules are being followed. But in battles in war and on the street, there may be debris, rubble, obstructions, other people in your way, cars and the real possibility of your opponent’s friends coming up and joining in, even shooting or stabbing you. All of this happened in this battle. In real life, there are no rules; if you are training for art, but your enemy is training for war, you are going to lose.

Some of these important lessons can be gleaned from studying the YouTube videos of such events as Officer Karli Travis being attacked by a hammer-wielding man on 12 Aug 2023 and the 27 Jan 2024 Times Square attack on two NYPD officers by a gang of illegal immigrants. The “Russian” hand-to-hand systems have reality-based principles and techniques for dealing with all such violent assaults. Most LE DT systems do not. Although this battle between the two soldiers goes on for a long time relative to most hand-to-hand encounters, or even real-world street fights, it presents a valuable case study for preparing police and soldiers for the worst type of combat.

In the verbal exchange between the two combatants after the fight, the Ukrainian told the Russian, “Don’t try to help me, let me die quietly, please leave. Thank you.” Russian response, “You fought great,” Ukrainian: “Thank you. Goodbye. You were the best fighter.” 

The fight went from 1:37 to 6:48, fully five minutes fourteen seconds.

In sum, the hand-to-hand battle begins with both on their feet, just as all fights typically start. One person goes to – or ends up on – his back. But he is close to a wall, with debris all around making maneuvering difficult to impossible. Both opponents draw knives and stab the other, though the Russian has the advantage of bodyweight, gravity and leverage. The Ukrainian uses the Gracie Guard, but it is not sufficient to overcome the top man’s advantages. Contrary to BJJ principles, Russian hand-to-hand experts do not believe the bottom person utilizing the guard is in the superior position. They say that it is still an inferior or defensive position or, at best, a neutral one. The attempt at an arm bar from the bottom is unsuccessful. The top person utilizes an improvised weapon with which to stab his opponent when he loses his knife, demonstrating another main tactic of Russian training. The top person also uses Russian tactical biting and at one point a second threat appears (although does not take a role). In the end, far too many stabs from the Russian results in the death of the Ukrainian.

The reality of this and other situations prove the vulnerability of the popular BJJ technique of fighting from one’s back. Mike Scales, a former US Army NCO and black belt, who is also Jiu Jitsu-trained, says, “When you have gear on and in a situation like that, there are a whole lot of things that are going to trip you up and get you caught on. From the top position, you have greater ability to move and can use your bodyweight and gravity against your opponent.”

Retired Virginia Tech SWAT leader Curtis Cook, who led his team into the massacre in Norris Hall in 2007, concludes by saying this film clearly demonstrates “the will to fight to survive.” When he was SWAT commander, he “saw the need for more advanced training beyond basic defensive tactics that were being taught in the academy. This included weapons retention and delivering strikes and kicks while moving through a target. I also stressed if you are knocked to the ground, you fight to get back up. I’m not a fan of wrestling in full gear with weapons to try and get an arm bar on a suspect, but I do see a need for some practical ground fighting techniques.”

Matt Adams is a career SWAT leader and trainer, but also holds multiple black belts and is a former international bare-knuckle karate competitor. He observed:

Once the Ukrainian winds up or goes to his back, he cannot get out of the position. It's great to know how to counter an attack on the ground but it isn't as simple as BJJ people want to believe. It's not as easy as securing the weapon, slide out and reverse. The guy is actually trying to kill you while you're doing this. The Russian does the unthinkable as far as sport combatives: he bites. The Ukrainian stayed in the fight. He never gave up, but exhaustion and blood loss were taking their toll as it wore on. Neither could get a grip on anything because the blood was making everything slick.

Retired Marine and former Penn State wrestler Lt. Col. Joe Bierly adds: “Just note the ‘terrain’.  Not a flat gym floor … piles of rubble everywhere. Your stance becomes even more critical.” Russian Systema master, Jiu Jitsu black belt and trainer of two European Special Forces groups, Kevin Secours agrees with others in saying:

I don’t know that he so much went to his back as fell on his back. Ground fighting is a reality. The Ukrainian had a lot of gear and the ground was terribly cluttered. That is why the old combat-oriented Japanese Jiu Jitsu material had less hip escapes and movement than BJJ depends on. This fight could have gone either way. It definitely reinforces why we don’t want to volunteer for the ground, but also shows the necessity of training it because it happens. Most importantly it shows how long these encounters can last.

Police Chief Dr. Ron Camacho, a former SWAT leader and Russian hand-to-hand combat practitioner, agrees, adding: Often, “There are still rules to street fights here in the US. The exception is when someone goes overboard. There are often people around trying to break up fights or running to call the police. So, while seeing BJJ successfully used in a war zone would be incredibly rare and possibly foolish, there is a place for it where ‘rules’ still hold true. It is easy to learn and especially valuable with this new crop of officers, many of whom have never been in a fight. It is an expedient method to give our new officers some tools for their toolbox. The best practice is to combine BJJ with other techniques, such as disarms, strikes, and other defensive moves.” 

But there are times when, for many reasons, it is not going to work even in a civilian environment. That dictates not having an over-reliance on grappling, and definitely not fighting from one’s back. As emphasized in 1500 Years of Fighting, in my Russian martial arts gym we used to train this very situation a lot, including having someone in your guard or in the mount on you, with one or two others coming to kick you in the head or stab you, even as the person in your guard stabbed you. Australian security professional Simon Luciow, another Russian hand-to-hand expert who trained extensively with the Spetsnaz in Russia, agrees with the vulnerabilities of being on your back. “Going to your back in a real conflict, just guarding up someone for a long time, isn’t going to work when everything bad happens in the first minute, and the other person has something to cut you with.”

A currently serving Green Beret who reviewed this video said to me that BJJ might be the best sport fighting style, but has little application in real-world hand-to-hand. Part of that is due to their lack of focus in dealing with knives and handguns. He explained:

Many of those who carry knives don't understand that people don’t die after one stab and are seldom even incapacitated. Knife fights can go on for a surprising amount of time. Here, they stabbed the absolute shit out of each other and still had the strength and will to continue on. When we teach the ‘kill class’ and explain the anatomy of how to kill someone we explain ‘switches’ and ‘timers’. Switches turn things off immediately (whether it is life, paralysis of parts of the body, or sight) and then timers are strikes that bleed the enemy out (whether slow or fast bleed out).

Medical research shows that even if a heart is completely cut out, the person can continue to function for some time. The brain continues to think and act. This can go on for up to a few minutes, until the brain and other organs finally lose all oxygen due to the lack of blood circulation. However, this elite soldier echoes the others in saying: “While I do agree that going to your back should be avoided during hand-to-hand combat, it is a reality that you may end up on your back and need to figure that problem out, so it should be trained but not be considered the standard.”

Former Spetsnaz, Igor Livits, says that the problem with applying modern Jiu Jitsu to combat is that they do not affect offensive takedowns followed by controlling the opponent on the ground and only then look to eliminate him through submissions, chokes or the use of a knife or handgun. This is the tactic of Russian SAMBO, but he points out that even sport wrestlers are more capable at this than Jiu Jitsu practitioners. This is also exactly what the Russian did in this fight with the Ukrainian. All of this is as true for police as soldiers in combat.

This gets us to two sets of principles for combat the Russian Special Forces reinforce relentlessly, and that American police can benefit from keeping always in mind. The first are the psychological commitments needed to survive a fight to the death:

1.      Comfort with pain;

2.      Comfort with proximity;

3.      Commitment to total violence; and,

4.      Commitment to total victory.

In this instance, the Russian appeared to have all four. The second set articulates the assumptions you must always make when engaging in a reality fight:

1.      Assume your enemy is stronger, faster and better-trained;

2.      Assume your enemy has multiple weapons hidden on his body;

3.      Assume you must deal with more than one attacker; and,

4.      Assume that there are witnesses and at least one person has a camera (today everyone does).

These are all important rules for American police to keep in mind and apply at all times to ensure they get to go home at the end of the day. Beyond that, videos of this fight and other events are crucial to study to focus police officers’ training for realistic battle and survival.

Dr. John Giduck has a law degree, a master’s degree in Russian Studies and a Ph.D. in Middle East Studies. His dissertation was on the evolution of jihadist terrorist mass-hostage siege tactics throughout the world. He has trained police departments and SWAT throughout the US. His latest book, 1500 Years of Fighting, can be found on Amazon. He is also the author of Terror at Beslan: A Russian Tragedy with Lessons for America’s Schools (listed by Police1 as one of the top 15 all-time must-read books for police); Shooter Down! The Dramatic, Untold Story of the Police Response to the Virginia Tech Massacre, along with co-author Police Commissioner Joseph M. Bail; and When Terror Returns: The History and Future of Terrorist Mass-Hostage Sieges. He can be contacted at john@circon.org.

Happier and Healthier Officers Create More Fulfilled Officers

Happier and Healthier Officers Create More Fulfilled Officers
By: Monica Crawford

Police recruiting and retention is the hot button topic plaguing police departments across the country. People will pay thousands of dollars for conferences to get the “edge” in recruiting, improving staffing levels and keeping officers around longer.

Where these conferences often miss the mark lies in providing education on how to invest more in the officers we already have from a departmental and organizational level.

We often get so jaded and pulled down by the negative aspects of the job that we forget that the people who we already work with are our biggest supporters and assets. We should be investing more into their professional and personal lives, along with their overall health and wellbeing.

Here’s how …

Invest in the health and wellness of the individual by providing nutrition, fitness, mindset and mental health resources that educate the employee and help create a system to help guide and implement it continuously throughout a 20-30 year career.

It starts from application and it continues through the entirety of your officers’ careers.

During the application process, make communication easy. Pull back the curtains and explain every step of the process. Provide an email or phone number for a direct point of contact.  The agency should be easily approachable and welcoming to questions and concerns.

Create a fair and applicable written test and physical test. When it comes to drafting a fitness test for hire, choose movements and tests that mimic what police officers need to be able to do on a day-to-day basis.  For instance, being able to deadlift 200 pounds, perform a dummy drag or a 100-meter sprint to simulate a short foot pursuit. Provide guidance in training for the physical test and also how to prepare for the upcoming academy.

Throughout the academy, use a sound physical fitness program that will work to improve upon those initial physical fitness tests, thus improving strength, cardio and fitness throughout, instead of creating injuries, punishment and discontent. Educate trainees on nutrition, fitness, mindset and mental health. Create a mentorship program. Make new officers feel welcomed and a part of the family, rather than rookies who should be seen and not heard.

Create a department-level Officer Longevity Unit.  This should be an actual unit dedicated to the longevity, happiness and fulfillment of your officers, where officers can go to for help with nutrition, physical fitness and mental health resources. This will ensure your officers are mentally and physically fit, always safe on the job and always go home to their families.

Investing in the health, wellness, fulfillment and longevity of your officers ensures success in their careers and success of your department's mission. It creates happy officers who want to go out and do your recruiting for you, telling others how great their job is and how they are cared for and routinely invested in. It also means your officers will be so happy they will never leave.

I have created the Five-0 Fierce and Fit Officer Longevity Program which includes a fair and applicable entry physical test, police academy fitness programming and police academy nutrition and fitness education.  I aspire to work with department administrators to implement this program in hopes of creating a positive impact on police culture and improving how officers show up to work every single day, ultimately creating a much larger impact on the communities we serve. 

If you’d like more information, please contact Monica at: monica@five0fierceandfit.com 

Monica Crawford is a former law enforcement officer, the author of, “Thriving Inside the Thin Blue Line,” a public speaker, nutrition and fitness coach, and owner of Five-0 Fierce and Fit.  Through Five-0 Fierce and Fit, Monica creates online nutrition, fitness and mindset programs to help female first responders lose fat, gain strength, take back their confidence and get Fit For Duty. Monica aspires to validate the challenges commonly faced in the first responder fields and provide education, motivation and inspiration to chase what truly matters to you in your life and career.  You’re one decision away from a totally different life.  Follow Monica on Instagram: @five0.fierce.and.fit

A Journey of Resilience: Officer David Baird's Story

A Journey of Resilience: Officer David Baird's Story
By: Dr. Natanya Wachtel

Welcome to Blue Magazine’s new column on mental health in law enforcement, which will feature real stories from officers who have faced mental health issues.  Our goal is to offer insights, practical advice and accessible wellness tips for those who may be navigating similar struggles.

In this first installment, we explore the personal journey of Officer David Baird, a former police officer who has overcome significant challenges with PTSD due to a highly stressful work environment.  He now shares his story with hope and a desire to support others in similar situations. 

The Early Days:  A Young Man’s Aspirations
Officer David Baird began his career in law enforcement with enthusiasm, following in the footsteps of his father, a retired police officer.  Starting in the Sheriff’s Department in 1994, Baird entered the force at age nineteen, initially working as courthouse security. 

Baird felt the weight of his role, particularly when he transitioned to the inner city as a police officer.  His early days were filled with a sense of purpose and connection, especially when he interacted with children in the community.  “The kids are what became most important to me,” he shared, reflecting on the moments when young children, some in dire situations, would approach him with trust.

The Burden of Trauma and the Disconnect
As years passed, the high-stress situations Baird was regularly faced with took a toll on his mental health. These experiences were highlighted by a critical incident in which he had to discharge his weapon to prevent harm to a fellow officer.

As the stress of his job coupled with the PTSD affected his well-being, Officer Baird found himself increasingly isolated and grappling with the emotional consequences of his work.   “I was emotionally destroyed,” he admitted, describing the impact on his personal life and relationships, especially with his son, with whom he has limited contact.

Seeking Healing:  From PTSD to Self-Compassion

Baird’s journey to healing was neither linear nor easy.  At his lowest, he sought help through a PTSD treatment program, and while the road to recovery was challenging, he gradually discovered tools that would help him reconnect with himself.

Nature became a sanctuary, providing solace and a space for self reflection. Reminiscing on his journey, Baird shared, “My life is about finding inner peace and happiness, whether it’s in nature or watching a sunrise.”  Through grounding practices, he has found healing in embracing mindfulness and reconnecting with his true self.

Mental Health in Law Enforcement:  A Growing Crisis
David Baird’s experiences are not unique.  According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), law enforcement officers are at high risk for depression, PTSD, and suicide.

Studies indicate that nearly 25% of officers report symptoms consistent with PTSD, while others struggle in silence due to stigma surrounding mental health in the force.

By sharing stories like Baird’s, this column aims to normalize mental health challenges within law enforcement and offer insights for navigating them.

Actionable Wellness Tips: #1MinuteMindset

To help officers manage the unique stresses of their role, here are some quick, actionable tips inspired by the #1MinuteMindset framework:

·Breathe Deeply:  Practicing simple deep breathing exercises can help regulate the body’s stress response.  Try inhaling for four seconds, holding for four, exhaling for four and holding again for four.  This is called “box breathing” and it calms the nervous system.

·Grounding Exercises:  Find time to sit or walk in nature to reconnect with your surroundings.  Even brief moments of mindfulness can create a sense of peace and clarity.

·Journaling:  Writing down thoughts and experiences can be a powerful release.  Consider recording stressful incidents in a private journal to process heavier emotions.

·Self-Compassion:  Practice being gentle with yourself.  Acknowledge the challenges of the job and avoid harsh self-criticism.

Looking Forward with Hope
As this column continues, we will share more stories of resilience from law enforcement officers across the country. By highlighting these personal journeys, Blue Magazine aims to foster an open dialogue about mental health and reduce the stigma surrounding it.

David Baird’s story reminds us that while the journey can be difficult, finding inner peace and hope is possible.

Dr. Natanya Wachtel, Ph.D. is a behavioral scientist and integrative wellness advocate focused on mental strength and resilience in high-stress professions. As the creator of “Organized Minds,” she helps law enforcement officers confront real struggles such as PTSD, depression, and burnout, offering practical tools for recovery and growth. Through her partnership with The Blue Magazine, Natanya brings raw, unfiltered stories of officers’ challenges and triumphs to light, fostering understanding and breaking down stigma. Her mission is to create meaningful conversations that inspire authenticity, connection, and empowerment within the law enforcement community.

To See Change, You Have to Make Change

To See Change, You Have to Make Change
By: Heather Glogolich, Ed.D.

If you’ve been paying attention, you’ll have seen that my agency, NJ Institute of Technology Police Department, has not only broken through the recruitment crisis, but we have been the example for retention. An agency that once was known as just a stepping stone to a “real” career in law enforcement has quickly become the emerging hero for cops who want to work for an agency that doesn’t just preach the thin blue line family, we live it. In addition to that, we have 30% female representation.

So how did we do it? Easy answer. We made the changes necessary to create a culture of inclusivity, growth and love. Those changes started with getting a contract that was comparable to surrounding agencies and then pushing forward to create opportunities for our officers to find their purpose within this profession. And then the easiest step of all – we showed up. We didn’t just give lip service to the sentiments of resiliency, balance, growth and culture change. We lived those words and supported our people.

When tasked with creating an environment that people wanted to be a part of, I went to the source and asked officers what changes would help the problems they see every day. They answered with a few things:

-       They want to feel supported.

-       They wanted leadership to show up.

-       They wanted training so they could be more confident in their roles.

-       They wanted transparency.

-       They wanted to feel like they were a part of something.

When people believe in the leader, they believe in the vision.

I walked into this agency with zero credibility as far as I was concerned. Sure, they could hear about what I had accomplished, but I felt I needed to prove myself to them, and more importantly, for them. If I asked them to do something, I did it first or alongside them. I didn’t just meet with them to hear their issues. I turned around and made changes to address their valid concerns. I had hard conversations regarding my expectations and I challenged them to let go of their fears from the past and trust me enough to tell me their expectations of me.

We were no longer going to work with the mindset of “WE ARE JUST CAMPUS COPS.” I challenged them to be proactive as far as engagement and enforcement. When mistakes were made, it was never about criticizing them or punishing them. It was about failing forward together and learning. That’s the foundation of growth.

Because of such a high turnover rate, it was noticeable that our “senior guys” needed the support of learning how to be leaders in a way that was servant and transformational. All of this was done with an underlying narrative of if you weaken the standard to accommodate incompetence, you weaken the culture. I challenged every person there to let go of what held them back prior and to work toward their goals for themselves and not for reward, although I look to give credit where credit is due as much as possible.

Part of that credit has to be given to Chief Kevin Kesselman, Deputy Chief Michael Villani and my co-Captain Joshua Sanders. They supported me in so many changes, allowed me full autonomy and had more patience than I probably should have been granted. They also supported the concept of not retaining people who should be let go; this probably being one of the most controversial aspects of police organizations. Time and time again, people are kept in an agency because of the financial and time investments already made. The notion that a person can be trained up is great if that is a possibility. But that isn’t always the case, and sometimes you have to make the difficult decision to let someone go because of the potential for them to ruin agency culture, create conflict and possibly lead an agency into crisis.

NJIT Police Department was down 17 officers when I was hired in September of 2023. Other than potential retirements, we are at full staff. We have recruited officers from a myriad of different agencies without having a phenomenal salary or fewer steps than other agencies. Who I get to work with every day are officers that value the thin blue line family and who don’t tolerate the negativity that unfortunately overtakes morale in most other agencies. The reason why? Sometimes it’s not WHERE you work, it’s WHO you work with that makes a job worth going to.

Heather Glogolich is a 20+ year NJ Law Enforcement Professional. Heather is currently a Captain with the New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Public Safety and holds a Doctorate of Higher Education from Saint Elizabeth University. She is an instructor for the NJ Chiefs of Police Command & Leadership Training Course, and is a PTC Certified Police Academy Instructor.

The Battle for Trust in Retirement

The Battle for Trust in Retirement
By: Kimberly Stratman

Trust is something I’ve been working on since retiring. For some reason I thought it would just “appear” when I left the job. It’s not a one-time decision or a switch that can be flipped—it’s a process, and a challenging one at that. As a retired first responder, trust doesn’t come easily, but I’ve come to believe that my life will be better with more of it.

The truth is, many things in life have worked out just fine even when I had zero trust in a person or a system. Yet, I occasionally find myself up at night, struggling with situations where my trust has been tested. Recently, I spent a sleepless night wrestling with the possibility of a significant, intentional breakdown in an established system. I found myself consumed by various emotions and beliefs tied to the act of trust. If I do not trust, am I “borrowing trouble” or creating negative energy?

Even after a difficult night, I still believe that my efforts to trust are worthwhile. But I have to be honest—it’s not easy. I struggle with controlling my temper when my trust is abused. Is this intense need to strike back a natural protective response? A sign of immaturity? Ego? Or perhaps it’s heartbreak?

In the first responder world, trust is often viewed as a weakness. If you choose to trust, to stay positive or to believe in others, you’re frequently labeled as naive, clueless or worse. On the other hand, I’ve also seen the alternative—people becoming mean, judgmental and negative. But here’s the thing: adopting a negative attitude doesn’t offer any real protection. Life continues, whether you trust or not.

How much energy do we, as first responders, waste wrapping ourselves, our relationships, our futures, in distrust and ultimately fear?

Sometimes I feel like I have two minds. One part of me recognizes that life can be harsh, unfair and indifferent to our struggles. Yet, there’s another part that still finds joy, that serves others and that acknowledges the deep gratitude I feel for life’s gifts. It’s a delicate balance, and on days like today, it’s hard to hold on to that second mind.

Interestingly, trust is not just an issue for me — it's something many retired first responders continue to wrestle with. I recently posted about this very topic in a private police retirees’ group. The response was surprising and heartening (or disheartening). Retirees shared their experiences both positive and negative. Several older retired officers reached out to me privately, and each one shared a similar struggle. Despite being significantly older, they were working in the ‘60s, ‘70s and early ‘80s, they, too, continue to struggle with trust but recognize its value in their lives. It was comforting to know that this issue isn't just mine alone. A bit sad to acknowledge that the pursuit of trust, even after years of retirement, remains a challenge for many.

Trust doesn’t magically become easier with time, but the need for it doesn’t diminish, either. Even after years in retirement, the emotional and mental struggles that come with trust remain. For many of us, especially those who spent years in environments where trust could be seen as a liability, learning to trust again in this new phase of life is a battle. But despite the rough nights or mornings, I believe trust is worth the effort. It’s not about avoiding hurt or disappointment—it’s about finding peace within myself and continuing to live a life of service and joy, no matter what life throws my way.

An important realization I’ve come to in this journey is that trust is also about reclaiming my own power. Choosing to trust doesn’t make me a victim — it’s quite the opposite. It’s easy to slip into a mindset where we feel betrayed or wronged, especially when our trust has been abused. But I’ve learned that holding on to bitterness only keeps me trapped in a victim mentality. Trust allows me to move forward, to let go of the control I think I need to protect myself, and to embrace life on my terms. It doesn’t mean ignoring the reality that things might go wrong, but it does mean refusing to let those moments define me or my outlook. In retirement, I’m realizing that trust isn’t about being stupid or naïve — it’s about choosing to live with courage and optimism, rather than being bound by fear or resentment.

Trust, even in retirement, is still part of my journey. It may be tough, but it’s necessary for growth and fulfillment, and I’m committed to seeing where it takes me.

Kimberly Stratman retired as a lieutenant from the Dallas Police Department after an exciting and fulfilling 30-year career. She and her law enforcement husband have two grown sons and two dogs that get lots of attention. Kimberly is the owner of To the Point Coach, a Certified Retirement Life Coach and Certified Life Coach service that focuses on first responders. Her goal is to ensure our law enforcement community.

The Ripple Effect: How the Actions of a Few Can Impact an Entire Profession

The Ripple Effect: How the Actions of a Few Can Impact an Entire Profession
By Anthony Gangi

In early December 2024, Robert Brooks, a 43-year-old inmate at Marxy Correctional Facility in New York, died following a violent encounter with correctional officers. Brooks, who was handcuffed at the time, was subjected to severe physical assault by multiple officers in a medical examination room. Body camera footage released by the New York attorney general’s office showed officers punching, kicking and stomping on Brooks while he was restrained. He later succumbed to his injuries, with the preliminary autopsy indicating asphyxia due to neck compression as the cause of death.

While the incident itself is tragic, the focus of this article isn’t to dissect the actions of those officers. Their behavior was indefensible, and I fully support the criminal charges they now face. Instead, I want to shed light on the often-overlooked aftermath – the ripple effect that such incidents have on the profession of corrections and the thousands of professionals who perform their duties with integrity every day.

A Stain on the Profession
There are approximately 371,000 correctional officers in the United States. The actions of 14 individuals in New York have placed a stain on all of them. It’s disheartening to know that despite the tireless efforts of the majority, the misconduct of a few can erode the public’s trust in our profession.

These incidents reinforce negative stereotypes about correctional officers, painting us all with the same broad brush. The media coverage, while necessary to expose wrongdoing, often fails to distinguish between the rogue actions of a handful and the professionalism exhibited by the vast majority.

As my colleague, retired Lieutenant Joe Pomponio, put it, “Their actions have great culpability on everybody else. Unfortunately, the actions of those 14 should not represent the remainder of the good, solid professional correctional officers out there.”

Policy Overhaul and Increased Restrictions
Whenever an incident of this magnitude occurs, there’s a rush to overhaul policies to mitigate liability. While accountability is necessary, this often results in sweeping changes that restrict the discretion correctional officers need to perform their duties effectively.

One immediate reaction is the tightening of use-of-force policies, sometimes to the point of limiting staff’s ability to make decisions in complex and fluid situations. Additionally, we see expanded body camera reviews, mandatory reporting for even the most routine actions, and an increased administrative workload.

While body cameras and oversight are important tools for transparency and accountability, the unintended consequence is that officers may begin to feel micromanaged. As Joe pointed out, “At some point, you start to scare officers into not doing their jobs. They scrutinize their own actions to the point of insecurity.”

When policies become overly restrictive, it reduces officers’ flexibility to handle volatile inmate interactions. In corrections, adaptability is key – no two situations are alike. Taking away discretion can hinder our ability to respond to rapidly evolving scenarios.

Micromanagement and Erosion of Trust
Micromanagement often follows high-profile incidents. Leadership may feel compelled to increase oversight, but this can lead to a breakdown in trust between staff and administration. Officers begin to feel as if they’re constantly monitored and second-guessed, which ultimately lowers morale.

When leadership loses faith in the judgment of their frontline staff, it signals that officers can no longer be trusted to perform their duties without constant supervision. This shift damages the relationship between staff and supervisors, fostering resentment and disengagement.

Good leadership, however, can mitigate this. As I often say, “Tell me what you want done, but let me manage the how.” When leaders empower their staff and stand by them, morale improves, and officers feel supported.

Public Perception and Media Bias
Public perception plays a significant role in how corrections officers are viewed following incidents like the one involving Robert Brooks. Media scrutiny reinforces negative stereotypes, and the public, often unfamiliar with the realities of corrections work, assumes that all officers operate in the same manner.

This misconception is damaging. The reality is that most correctional officers uphold the highest standards of professionalism and integrity. When the public lumps the entire profession together, it fuels distrust and undermines the work we do.

This is why it’s crucial for leadership to stand up and advocate for their staff. As Joe emphasized, “We need more people standing up for the workforce that’s doing their job.” Leaders should separate the actions of the few from the profession as a whole and make it clear that the vast majority of correctional officers are dedicated to maintaining order and safety.

Impact on Staff-Inmate Dynamics
One of the most significant ripple effects of incidents like this is the shift in staff-inmate dynamics. Inmates see these situations as opportunities to test limits, knowing that officers may hesitate to respond assertively for fear of backlash.

This hesitation can lead to slower interventions during critical incidents, increasing the risk of unrest and jeopardizing the safety of both staff and inmates. When officers feel unsupported and constantly under the microscope, it creates an environment where inmates become emboldened while staff become more cautious.

It’s a dangerous combination – emboldened inmates and hesitant staff. The result is a disruption in the balance of power, with inmates feeling empowered to manipulate the system.

Training and the Illusion of Progress
In response to public pressure, leadership often emphasizes additional training aimed at improving optics rather than addressing practical concerns. While training on use-of-force limitations and de-escalation is essential, it can become repetitive and ineffective if not paired with meaningful solutions.

Experienced staff may feel frustrated by the redundancy, viewing these sessions as a superficial attempt to appease the public rather than a genuine effort to enhance their skills. As one officer put it, “The focus is on avoiding lawsuits or bad press, even if it means sacrificing operational efficiency or safety.”

Moving Forward: Balancing Accountability and Support
While accountability is critical, it must be balanced with support for the frontline professionals who perform their duties with integrity. It’s essential to remember that the actions of a few do not define the entire profession.

Leadership must find ways to hold individuals accountable without punishing the entire workforce. This means resisting the urge to implement broad, reactionary policies and instead focusing on targeted measures that address the root causes of misconduct.

In times of crisis, the profession of corrections needs advocates who can defend the majority without excusing the misconduct of the minority. As correctional officers, we are often the unseen heroes behind the wall. It’s time the public recognizes that distinction.

As always, stay safe out there.

Anthony Gangi is a 20-year veteran in corrections with a BA in psychology. He currently works as an Associate Administrator for State Corrections and serves on the executive board of the New Jersey Chapter of the American Correctional Association. He is the host of the YouTube channel Tier Talk, where he shares insights on corrections and law enforcement. Anthony is also a published author, a frequent guest on national news outlets, and speaks on a variety of corrections-related topics.

Blue Line Balance: Staying Focused and Fighting Burnout in Your Law Enforcement Career

Blue Line Balance: Staying Focused and Fighting Burnout in Your Law Enforcement Career
By: Joseph Bucco, Jr.

A career in law enforcement is both rewarding and challenging, filled with daily risks, high-stakes situations and a unique kind of stress. Police officers dedicate their lives to protecting communities, yet the job’s demands can lead to burnout — a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that affects not only job performance but also officers’ personal well-being. To ensure a long and fulfilling career in law enforcement, it's crucial to stay focused and implement strategies that help prevent burnout. This article will delve into how officers can maintain their drive and avoid the pitfalls of career exhaustion.

Maintaining physical health is essential for police officers, as the job often requires a high level of physical readiness. Officers may need to respond to emergencies, chase suspects or engage in physical confrontations, all of which demand strength, agility and endurance. Maintaining a regular exercise routine not only keeps the body in shape but also reduces stress levels and enhances mental health. Incorporating a balanced diet, staying hydrated and getting adequate sleep are also key components of staying fit for duty. When your body is in peak condition, you’re better equipped to handle the physical and emotional stressors that inherently come with the job.

The nature of police work can make it difficult to “switch off” after a shift, especially when the job involves traumatic experiences or prolonged exposure to high-stress situations. However, establishing firm boundaries between work and personal life is vital for preventing burnout. When off duty, it's important to engage in activities that provide a clear separation from the job. This might mean pursuing hobbies, spending quality time with family, or simply taking time to relax. By creating space for yourself outside work, you allow your mind and body to recharge, this is essential for maintaining long-term focus and enthusiasm for your career.

In law enforcement, there is a strong sense of camaraderie that comes from facing challenges together. Officers can lean on each other for support, as colleagues understand the unique pressures and stresses that come with the profession. Seeking support from peers is a great way to share experiences and alleviate stress. However, professional help should also be considered when feeling overwhelmed. Many departments provide Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) or Resiliency Programs that offer counseling and mental health services. Early intervention can be crucial in addressing stress and preventing it from escalating into burnout, making it important to recognize when to seek help.

Ongoing professional development helps keep the job exciting and prevents stagnation. By continually learning new skills and staying updated on the latest law enforcement techniques, officers can remain motivated and dedicated to their work. Attending workshops, enrolling in specialized courses, and participating in advanced training not only enhance job performance but also instill a sense of pride and purpose. When you actively seek out opportunities for growth, it reinforces your commitment to your career and helps you stay focused.

Ambition is important in any career, but setting unrealistic goals can lead to frustration, exhaustion, and eventually burnout. To avoid this, break down long-term goals into smaller, more manageable steps. Celebrate each small achievement and recognize that progress doesn’t always happen overnight. Understanding that some days will be more challenging than others is key to maintaining a steady pace without feeling overwhelmed. Setting attainable goals allows you to stay focused and motivated without the pressure of unattainable expectations.

Reminding yourself why you chose a career in law enforcement can be a powerful motivator, especially during difficult times. Whether it's the desire to serve your community, protect others, or uphold justice, staying connected to the core values that led you to this career can reignite your passion and drive. Reflecting on your purpose can help you push through challenging periods and keep you focused on the bigger picture.

A career in law enforcement is demanding, but implementing strategies to stay focused and prevent burnout can lead to long-term success and job satisfaction. By prioritizing physical and mental health, establishing a work-life balance, seeking support, and engaging in continuous professional development, law enforcement professionals can maintain their motivation and continue to serve their communities effectively. Taking care of yourself isn’t just beneficial for your well-being; it’s also crucial for the safety and success of the people you protect and serve. 

Joseph Bucco Jr. is a Municipal Police Lieutenant in New Jersey.  He is currently in his 21st year of service and is assigned to the Detective Division as the Division Commander. Some of his past assignments include the departments Patrol Division, Street Crimes Unit as well as an on-loan assignment with a Multi-Jurisdictional Fugitive Task Force. He received a B.A from Ramapo College of New Jersey and an M.A from Seton Hall University. In the fall of 2018, in addition to his police and consulting careers, Joe accepted a position as a Business Development Manager with a national communications and media company that is solely focused on serving our nation’s law enforcement officers.

Remembrance - U.S. Border Patrol Agent David Maland

Remembrance - U.S. Border Patrol Agent David Maland

On Monday afternoon, U.S. Border Patrol Agent David Maland conducted a traffic stop on Interstate 91 in Newport, Vermont; about 20 miles from the Canadian Border. During the encounter, the occupants exchanged gunfire with the officer and Agent Maland suffered a fatal gunshot wound to the neck. The gunman, who was identified by the FBI as a German national in the U.S. on a current visa, was also killed. A second suspect in the vehicle was also wounded and is currently in custody.

Border Patrol Agent David Maland, who was affectionately known as “Chris” to those closest to him, worked as a K9 handler and was currently assigned to the Newport Station in Swanton Sector. Swanton covers Vermont, parts of New York and New Hampshire, and includes 295 miles of international boundary with Canada.

Agent Maland's family described him as a devoted agent who served with honor and bravery. He had a tremendous respect and pride for the work he did, and truly embodied service over self. He is survived by a loving girlfriend who he was about to propose to, both parents and a brother. Agent Maland was 44 years old.

COVER STORY: The Value of AI in Police Investigations: A Deep Dive into Law Enforcement's Future

COVER STORY:The Value of AI in Police Investigations: A Deep Dive into Law Enforcement's Future

By Lt. Joseph Pangaro

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in police investigations marks a significant turning point in law enforcement. This technological advancement enhances efficiency, accuracy and overall effectiveness, revolutionizing how police departments approach crime prevention, investigation and resource allocation. Here we will explore the multifaceted benefits of AI in police investigations, detailing its impact on various aspects of law enforcement.

Enhanced Data Analysis

One of the primary advantages of AI in police investigations is its unparalleled ability to analyze vast amounts of data swiftly and accurately. Traditional data analysis methods, reliant on human capabilities, can be time-consuming and prone to errors. In contrast, AI algorithms can process extensive datasets, including crime reports, social media activity, surveillance footage and digital footprints, in a fraction of the time.

This capability allows AI systems to identify patterns and correlations that might elude human analysts. For instance, AI can detect crime hotspots, link seemingly unrelated incidents, and identify emerging crime trends. Such insights enable law enforcement agencies to deploy resources more effectively, develop proactive crime prevention strategies and solve cases more efficiently.

Improved Predictive Policing

Predictive policing represents a significant leap forward in crime prevention. By analyzing historical crime data, AI systems can forecast where and when crimes are likely to occur. These predictions, based on sophisticated algorithms, consider various factors such as past crime patterns, socio-economic conditions and demographic data.

This predictive capability allows police departments to allocate their resources strategically, focusing on potential crime hotspots. For example, if AI predicts an increase in burglaries in a particular neighborhood, police can increase patrols in that area, potentially preventing crimes before they happen. This proactive approach not only enhances public safety but also optimizes the use of police resources.

Enhanced Image and Video Analysis

AI-powered image and video analysis tools are transforming how law enforcement handles visual evidence. These tools can quickly analyze footage from surveillance cameras, body-worn cameras and other video sources, identifying suspects, recognizing faces and detecting unusual behavior patterns.

Facial recognition technology, driven by AI, can match faces in video footage to criminal databases with remarkable accuracy. Similarly, AI can analyze video footage to identify suspicious activities, such as loitering in restricted areas or unusual movements that might indicate criminal intent. This rapid and precise analysis accelerates investigations and reduces the likelihood of human error in identifying suspects or interpreting evidence.

Streamlined Administrative Tasks

Administrative tasks consume a significant portion of an officer’s time, often diverting attention from critical investigative work. AI can automate many of these routine tasks, enhancing overall efficiency. For instance, AI-powered systems can handle report writing, data entry and information retrieval, allowing officers to focus on more pressing duties.

Moreover, AI-powered transcription services can convert audio recordings from interviews and interrogations into written text, saving time and reducing administrative burdens. These capabilities streamline workflows, improve productivity and ensure that officers spend more time in the field rather than behind desks.

Enhanced Forensic Analysis
In forensic science, AI has the potential to revolutionize the analysis of physical evidence. Traditional forensic methods, while effective, can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. AI algorithms, on the other hand, can analyze forensic evidence with unprecedented speed and accuracy.

For example, AI can assist in matching DNA profiles, analyzing fingerprints, and comparing ballistic evidence. These algorithms can process complex data sets quickly, providing investigators with reliable results in a fraction of the time required by traditional methods. This not only speeds up the investigative process but also enhances the reliability of forensic evidence presented in court.

Improved Resource Allocation
Effective resource allocation is crucial for any police department. AI's ability to analyze data and predict trends plays a vital role in optimizing resource deployment. By understanding where and when resources are needed most, police departments can ensure that officers are deployed in the most effective manner.

For instance, predictive policing models can help departments determine the optimal number of officers required for patrol in specific areas. Similarly, AI can assist in allocating resources for special operations, such as drug busts or counter-terrorism activities. This strategic allocation not only enhances public safety but also improves officer efficiency and job satisfaction.

Enhanced Situational Awareness
Situational awareness is critical for police officers, especially in high-stress environments. AI-powered systems can provide real-time information and analysis, enhancing an officer's ability to make informed decisions. For example, AI can analyze live surveillance footage, alerting officers to potential threats or suspicious activities.

Moreover, AI can integrate data from various sources, such as social media, public records and traffic cameras, providing a comprehensive overview of a situation. This real-time information can be crucial during emergencies, helping officers respond more effectively and safely.

Ethical Considerations and Challenges
While the benefits of AI in police investigations are numerous, it is essential to consider the ethical implications and challenges associated with its use. Privacy concerns are paramount, as AI systems often require access to large amounts of personal data. Ensuring that this data is collected and used responsibly is crucial to maintaining public trust.

Additionally, there is the risk of algorithmic bias. AI systems are only as good as the data they are trained on. If the training data contains biases, the AI system may produce biased outcomes, leading to unfair treatment of certain individuals or groups. Addressing these ethical concerns requires robust oversight, transparent policies and ongoing efforts to ensure fairness and accountability.

Conclusion
The value of using AI in police investigations cannot be overstated. From enhanced data analysis and predictive policing to streamlined administrative tasks and improved forensic analysis, AI is transforming the landscape of law enforcement. By embracing AI technologies, police departments can improve their efficiency, accuracy and overall effectiveness, ultimately leading to safer communities and more successful investigative outcomes.

As AI continues to evolve, its role in policing will undoubtedly become even more integral, heralding a new era of intelligent and proactive law enforcement. However, it is essential to address the ethical considerations and challenges associated with AI to ensure that its benefits are realized equitably and responsibly. By doing so, law enforcement agencies can harness the full potential of AI, paving the way for a safer and more just society.

Joseph Pangaro is a 27-year veteran of law enforcement. He retired in 2013 at the rank of Lieutenant and currently serves as the Director of School Safety and Security for a large school district in NJ. He is also the owner of Pangaro Training and Management, a company that provides training to the public and private sector on a host of topics. Email: JPangaro@Yahoo.com

Managing Editor’s Message

Welcome to another cutting-edge edition of BLUE Magazine.

This issue focuses on the impact Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having on law enforcement both currently and in our future. One certainty is that the all-important human factor can never be replaced by machines, pre-determined statistical input, or automation of any kind.

I tasked AI to generate an essay comparing human intelligence with its artificial counterpart. The results were quite amazing (page    ). Be sure to see our other articles of great importance and insight. Lt. Joseph Pangaro authored this month’s cover story The Value of AI in Police Investigations: A Deep Dive into Law Enforcement's Future. Lance LoRusso looks at AI as it impacts the practice of law from an attorney’s viewpoint.

Another timely topic, the threat to school safety, is covered comprehensively in this issue. Welcome to a new writer for us here at BLUE, Dr, John Giduck, who provided an exclusive interview with Lt. Curtis Cook who led the Virginia Tech SWAT operators into the room where the killer was found. VT remains the greatest mass shooting murder at a school in U.S. history. While Curtis has seldom spoken publicly of his experience. he agreed to sit down and answer questions on the lessons American police should have learned from these horrors and what they need to be prepared for in the future in 25 Years after Columbine - A SWAT Retrospective on School Incidents. Also please welcome Anthony Gangi to our BLUE team of writers who takes us Inside the Mind of a Young Shooter: Understanding the Triggers behind Violent Acts.

BLUE Magazine is always looking for new solutions to societal ills as it pertains to law enforcement operations, information on best practices, ideas to enhance first responder wellness, as well as your “war stories,” and inspirational thoughts and experiences. We would love to receive your written essays typically in the 800-word range for review and possible publication!

Be sure to reach out to us at BLUE Magazine and our sister organization Moment of Silence as we remain here in support of the best interests for all.

Joel E. Gordon, Managing Editor

Contacts with The Police Plummet: USDOJ Report Card On American Policing

Contacts with The Police Plummet: USDOJ Report Card On American Policing
By: Leonard Adam Sipes, Jr.

The overwhelming majority of Americans expressed satisfaction with their contacts with American law enforcement and most indicated a willingness to engage them again.

Contact with police during the past 12 months decreased by 21%. It continues to decrease throughout the three USDOJ reports.

Both the number and percentage of residents experiencing the threat of force “or” use of nonfatal force were lower in 2022 (748,800, 1.5%) than in 2020 (1,045,600, 1.9%).

The Bureau of Justice Statistics of the US Department of Justice through the National Crime Victimization Survey offers their third report on citizen contacts with law enforcement and citizen satisfaction with those encounters.

Readers are encouraged to read the full report, Contacts Between Police and the Public - 2022 released in October of 2024.

For those of us who read numerous articles about crime and policing daily, cops doing something stupid or illegal are common themes in media coverage and some make it their specialty.

A question from some non-police readers is, “Why do cops engage in massive disrespect or illegal use of force?” When questioned I send them the link to this report which has been replicated several times and essentially carries similar statistics. It disproves much of the narrative of critics.

While no one is trying to downplay egregious acts of violence on the part of law enforcement, the replicated data from the US Department of Justice doesn’t fit a stereotype of American policing while understanding that there are differences (and similarities) based on race or Hispanic origin.

The public should understand that out of 50-60 million yearly contacts between law enforcement and citizens, it’s almost impossible for all to be handled perfectly. As a former police officer who was dedicated to equal treatment under the law, I understood that those I interacted with could be abusive, violent, aggressive, and downright impossible to work with.

Many have mental health issues. Per the USDOJ, most are under the influence during arrests. Yet force “or” the threat of force is rare in American policing per the citizens asked.

The law enforcement profession has taken a beating  (yes, some of it was justified) yet other occupations seem immune. The data I read about the hundreds of thousands of medical mistakes makes me wary but I do not believe that nurses or doctors are somehow flawed. Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States.

It’s the same for journalism, business, or any other occupation. There are approximately 19,000 police agencies and well over one million police employees according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the stereotyping of all police employees based on the actions of a few has the same philosophical underpinnings as racism or sexism.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and endless media references, we are losing thousands of police officers and it’s reasonable to assume they are leaving (often at the insistence of their families) due to the negative stereotypes they face. This condition leaves more Americans unserved due to long wait times for officers to arrive. It also correlates with crime based on US Department of Justice literature reviews indicating that proactive policing is one of the most successful crime control modalities.

The data is abundantly clear, arrests and crimes solved are declining considerably.

There are, at times, differences (and similarities) as to race or Hispanic heritage and the percentage of populations involved per this report. While every police officer takes an oath pledging themselves to equal treatment under the law, and while I condemn any person in authority misusing their powers, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are differences in the percentage of populations engaged in criminal activity that provide context.

As to race or Hispanic origin, the charts offer times when Blacks are disproportionally represented as a percentage of the population studied. There are times when Whites are disproportionally represented (i.e., police street stops).

Critics of law enforcement consistently complain of over-policing. The overall percentages do not support their assertions. The overwhelming majority of those contacted, regardless of demographics, indicated satisfaction with their police interactions.

It should be noted via polls from a variety of sources, that the law enforcement profession is one of the highest-rated occupations in America, far exceeding most including Congress and journalism.

Contact with police during the past 12 months decreased by 21%. It continues to decline throughout the three reports. That’s a huge decrease. Why? One percent of citizens indicate police misconduct out of 50-60 million yearly contacts.

Approximately 86% reported that they were satisfied with the police response, with 92% saying they would be more or as likely to contact police again in the future. About 84% of residents reported that police responded promptly.

About 2% of persons experienced the threat of force “or” nonfatal use of force during any police contact in 2022. Both the number and percentage of residents experiencing the threat of force “or” use of nonfatal force was lower in 2022 (748,800, 1.5%) than in 2020 (1,045,600, 1.9%).

The majority of persons whose most recent police contact was a street stop experienced no enforcement action. In 2022, the majority (78%) of U.S. residents whose most recent police contact was a street stop (being stopped by police while in a public place or parked vehicle) experienced no resulting enforcement action. Twenty-two percent of residents experienced some form of enforcement action, most often a warning (14%).

An estimated 4% of residents engaged in at least one potentially negative action toward police in 2022. The most common action was complaining to police (4%), followed by verbal action (2%) and physical action (0.2%).

The bottom line is that the overwhelming majority of the public were satisfied with the police response and indicated that they were, in fact, willing to contact law enforcement in the future.

Leonard Adam Sipes, Jr.is a retired federal senior spokesperson. A former Adjunct Associate Professor of Criminology and Public Affairs - University of Maryland. Former advisor to the “McGruff-Take a Bite Out of Crime” national media campaign. Past police officer. Aspiring drummer. Operator of CrimeinAmerica.net. His book based on thirty-five years of criminal justice public relations,” Success with the Media: Everything You Need to Survive Reporters and Your Organization” is available at Amazon and additional booksellers. He can also be found @ leonardsipes.com

I should have been killed: But for the grace of God...

I should have been killed: But for the grace of God...
By: Joel E. Gordon

Five days after surviving an assassination attempt, President Donald Trump addressed the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In a speech lasting every bit of an hour and a half, he described feeling the assassin's bullet hitting his ear and being smothered by Secret Service agents. "I'm not supposed to be here," he told the crowd, adding: "I had God on my side."

I fully understand the personal discovery that our own mortality is real and fragile and death or serious harm could be realized at any time from my own firsthand experience. This assassination attempt was President Trump’s moment, and brought to the forefront the revelation that the hazards he faces are for real and that public events are not just promotional fun and games.

While I have experienced such events over the course of my law enforcement career, while disarming armed and hostile subjects, wrestling people to submission fueled with adrenaline or chemical alteration displaying unnatural strength while being handcuffed, a serious attempt to stab me with a knife, and other occurrences including a single bullet heard whizzing past my head, a near miss, which I often chalked up to being in the wrong place at the wrong time; there was one event that had the most significant impact on me. It was my event, experienced as a rookie officer, which made me realize the true hazards that I was facing from that point forward. I was truly my moment when reality struck me.

This event, my being the sixth patrol unit on the scene of the murder of fellow Baltimore city police officer Ron Tracey resulted in a newfound appreciation for due caution and likely kept me from serious physical harm or death for the years to follow.

Officer Ronald Tracey was shot and killed with his own weapon after being attacked at the intersection of Monroe Street and Baker Street. He was handling a traffic accident when an unrelated person came up behind him and attempted to disarm him. During the ensuing struggle, the suspect was successful in gaining control of his weapon and shot him twice. The suspect was convicted and sentenced to 45 years in prison. By the way, he was paroled in January 2014.

Ron Tracey was a kind field training officer who had been a person on my shift who reached out to me in support of my rookie need for expanded information. I felt an immediate kinship with him.

Here is my recollection of this event as excerpted, in part, from my memoir Still Seeking Justice: One Officer’s Story:

Ron Tracey
I graduated the police academy in April of 1981. On Monday July 20, 1981, barely 3 months out of the academy, Ron Tracey, one of the officers who reached out to me on my first day, was shot and killed toward the end of our shift while on duty. I was the sixth car on the scene. 

Officer Tracey had served with the agency for six years. He is survived by his wife and child.

It was the end of a busy 4pm x 12am shift; I was waiting to be called in for shift change about three blocks south of the Western District Police Station at 1034 North Mount Street. Officers were to stay on their post until called in, but it was commonplace to sneak in close to the station to expedite the end of the shift. Ron Tracey had a different approach this night and volunteered to handle a late minor accident so as to be able to get off on time.  A little before midnight, still waiting for the next shift to conclude their roll call and to be called in, a static crackling noise emanated from the radios speaker/microphone I was wearing. I don’t know why but I immediately placed my patrol car into drive, feeling that something was wrong; but where to go?  Almost immediately citizens began calling in “officer down” at Monroe at Baker Streets. I was immediately en route with only a few blocks to go.  As the sixth car on the scene, I saw a uniformed officer down in the road, lying in a half fetal position, in the gutter of Monroe Street. He had been shot once in the abdomen and once in his head. Other officers rushed him by patrol car to the hospital but to no avail. I took my lead from veteran Field Training Officer Dwight Thomas who was also on scene by then.

Numerous calls began to come in with what turned out to be accurate information as to the suspect’s direction of travel. Even information on the suspect’s identity and address of his mother’s house were accurate. When we were informed of the suspect’s mother’s address, several other officers and I turned up at the address but the suspect was not found.

Officer Dwight Thomas, another veteran guardian angel of mine, told me that I should “call my people” to let them know I was alright. I was still living at home with my parent’s then. I called (and woke them up) to let them know I was okay.

Two shifts of officers stayed on the street in our attempt to locate the perpetrator for several hours. It was as if the rest of the world was at a standstill.  The suspect was located on Tuesday about fourteen hours later in the Northeastern Police District and was taken into custody, alive and unharmed.

I learned, that night that this was for real. Life and death were hanging in the balance. When one works in an inner-city high-crime area you learn not to understand, but to accept that there is a criminal element that has no regard for human life, yours or their own. The loss of a fellow officer in this fashion is something that you carry with you forever.

While the wounds received are sometimes but not always life-changing; the situations themselves are. Yes we are supposed to be here. As I have often said, God isn't finished with us yet as it relates to our purpose here on earth. May God bless and continue to watch over President Trump and us all.

Joel E. Gordon, Managing Editor of BLUE Magazine, is a former Field Training Officer with the Baltimore City Police Department and is a past Chief of Police for the city of Kingwood, West Virginia. He has also served as vice-chair of a multi-jurisdictional regional narcotics task force. An award winning journalist, he is author of the book Still Seeking Justice: One Officer's Story and founded the Facebook group Police Authors Seeking Justice. Look him up at stillseekingjustice.com

Real Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence: The Ultimate Showdown

Real Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence: The Ultimate Showdown
By: An AI article generator

When you think about intelligence, what comes to mind? Is it the quick wit of a friend or the ability to solve complex math problems? In today’s world, we’re also talking about artificial intelligence (AI). But how does real intelligence stack up against AI? Let’s dive into this fascinating battle of smarts.

What is Real Intelligence?
Real intelligence is what we possess as humans. It’s not just about knowing facts; it’s about understanding, reasoning and adapting. Think of it as the ability to navigate life’s challenges with creativity and emotional awareness. When you’re in a tough spot and come up with a unique solution, that’s real intelligence at work. It’s personal, it’s emotional and it’s deeply tied to our experiences.

Key Traits of Human Intelligence

·         Emotional Understanding: We can feel and interpret emotions, which helps us connect with others.

·         Creative Problem-Solving: Humans often think outside the box, coming up with ideas no one else would consider.

·         Adaptability: Change is constant, and we can adapt our thinking and behaviors to fit new situations.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Now let’s look at artificial intelligence. AI is designed to mimic human thinking, but it does so in a very different way. It processes large amounts of data and uses algorithms to make decisions. Imagine a super-fast calculator that can learn from the data it crunches. That’s AI in a nutshell.

Key Features of AI

·         Speed and Efficiency: AI can analyze data in seconds, something that would take humans hours or even days.

·         Data-Driven Decisions: It thrives on patterns and statistics, making it great for tasks like data analysis and predictions.

·         Consistency: Unlike humans, AI doesn’t have off-days. It consistently performs at peak capacity without emotional fluctuations.

Comparing Real Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence
Let’s break it down. Real intelligence feels like a cozy campfire, where warmth and light spread through creativity and connection. In contrast, AI is like a high-powered flashlight — bright and efficient but lacking the warmth of human interaction.

Strengths of Each

·         Real Intelligence: Our ability to empathize and think abstractly gives us a unique edge in complex social situations. We can navigate emotions and subtleties that AI struggles with.

·         Artificial Intelligence: AI’s ability to process vast amounts of information quickly makes it invaluable in fields like (law enforcement), medicine, finance and technology. It can identify trends that might take humans years to notice.

Weaknesses of Each

·         Real Intelligence: Emotions can cloud judgment. Sometimes, our feelings lead us to make poor decisions. Plus, we can only handle so much information at once.

·         Artificial Intelligence: Lacks a true understanding of context and emotion. It can make decisions based on data alone, which might not always align with human values or ethics.

The Future: Coexistence or Competition?
As AI continues to evolve, one question looms large: Will it replace human intelligence? While AI can outperform humans in specific tasks, it lacks the emotional depth and creativity we bring to the table. Think of it as a partnership rather than a competition.

Imagine a world where AI handles repetitive tasks, freeing us up to focus on innovative ideas, emotional connections and creative projects. Rather than seeing AI as a rival, we should view it as a tool. By combining the strengths of both real and artificial intelligence, we can achieve incredible things.

Conclusion: Embracing Both Worlds
In the end, real intelligence and artificial intelligence each have their unique strengths and weaknesses. Instead of pitting them against each other, let’s celebrate their differences. By understanding how they complement each other, we can harness their powers to tackle challenges more effectively. Remember, it’s about balance. Just like in a good story, both characters can play a vital role in the narrative of our future.

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: 25 Years after Columbine - A SWAT Retrospective on School Incidents

25 Years after Columbine - A SWAT Retrospective on School Incidents
By: Dr. John Giduck

In the morning of Monday, April 16, 2007, 23-year-old Seung-Hoi Cho shot two students in a dormitory on the Virginia Tech (VT) campus. Several hours later he walked into Norris Hall, chained the three sets of doors shut, then proceeded to mow down students in classrooms on both sides of a second-floor hallway. In all, he killed 32 students and professors. Another 27 were wounded or injured.

When the call came out that there was an active shooter in the building, SWAT teams from Blacksburg and VT police departments went racing there. Arriving in only two minutes, they fought their way into the building, then raced up two sets of stairs at either end of the hallway forcing Cho to take his own life. Lt. Curtis Cook led the VT SWAT operators into Room 211 where the killer was found. It remains the greatest mass shooting murder at a school in U.S. history.

This year marked the 25th anniversary of the mass shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado. Since that seminal event, the nation has endured hundreds of other school shootings. Lessons that America believed police had learned at Columbine in how to respond to attacks in our schools have sometimes been ignored. It seemed an appropriate time to gather the thoughts and reflections of the man who led a rescue team into the worst one of all, as he looks back over a quarter century of mass killings in our schools.

Beyond providing a few briefings for other SWAT teams and having taught ALERRT classes at VTPD as a certified instructor, Curtis has seldom spoken publicly of his experience. This year, he agreed to sit down and answer questions on the lessons American police should have learned from these horrors and what they need to be prepared for in the future.

Prior to joining VTPD, Curtis was a Navy Surface Rescue swimmer, then a deputy sheriff with the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office in Virginia, where he served as a patrol sergeant and SWAT team Entry Leader. He joined VTPD in 1997 and became the SWAT commander in 2007 as a lieutenant. The attack at the school happened shortly after that. Curtis retired from law enforcement in 2014 with 28 years’ service. When Columbine happened, Curtis was a patrol officer at VTPD and had just started instructing officer survival at the police academy.

BLUE (Dr. John Giduck): What were your thoughts on Columbine, how it was handled and what LE needed to learn?

CURTIS: I think most everyone in LE had the same thoughts after Columbine: The police did what they’d been trained to do, but there was also the realization that people are going to die if you wait on SWAT. It was apparent after Columbine that the traditional response wouldn't work in that type situation. New techniques and procedures had to be developed for active shooters.

BLUE: Do you believe that LE nationwide learned what it needed to from Columbine?

CURTIS: I think it got the attention of law enforcement, but I'm sure a lot of departments struggled with how to task patrol officers with a response that SWAT would normally handle. In addition to just the tactical side involving entry and movement, the new issues were how to deal with explosive devices and mass casualties. If they weren’t going to be able to wait on SWAT, patrol officers had to be trained to respond and eliminate the threat.

I attended several presentations on Columbine that taught me and a lot of officers important information. But there were other events outside of school shootings that everyone needed to learn from and incorporate. For that, I also attended debriefs on the North Hollywood shootout and even the Texas Tower shooting. Columbine footage was being shown as part of our Immediate Action Rapid Deployment (IARD) training, and the Hollywood shootout identified the need to have specialized training and place rifles in police vehicles to respond to heavily armed suspects. But in the end, you can give police all the training in the world, equip them with better body armor and weapons, but none of that will ever make a difference if they aren’t doing everything they can to get into a building and move as quickly as possible to eliminate the threat and save innocent lives.

BLUE: Is it your impression that LE nationwide did adopt the tactics it was obvious were necessary for responding to active shooters in schools?

CURTIS: Yes and No. I know that many departments were adopting the LAPD – IARD training and techniques post-Columbine, and many departments were using their SWAT teams to train patrol officers in building searching and room clearing. But even after VT, I was shocked to learn that some departments had still not conducted any formal active shooter training. I think it was clear, however, that you not wait on SWAT to arrive at a school shooting. ALERRT has since become the standard for LE active shooter training across the US, but I have no idea how many departments have received that training.

BLUE: What are your professional thoughts on the responses to school shootings like that at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas school in Parkland, FL in 2018, Uvalde, TX in 2022 and the Covenant School shooting in Nashville, TN in 2023?

CURTIS: In Florida, I understand that the school resource officer (SRO) thought the shots were outside because shots sometimes don't sound like shots. However, it’s at that time, just like VT, when you have to quickly identify where the shots are coming from and relay that information to all responding officers. Once he learned the shots were inside, he should have entered. I believe he failed to act and failed to protect. What seemed to make that worse were flaws in the school’s lockdown procedures, which caused a serious delay in the code-red activation.

I think the deputies that arrived and took cover behind their vehicles instead could have formed a contact team and entered the school. From what I understand, they had active shooter training and not immediately moving into the building was contrary to that training. So, at least the training was correct. But that’s been the problem at times. We all know what must be done in these situations, but it’s not always being done.

I believe departments should be putting their most highly trained officers in schools. I fear that many departments feel the uniform presence alone, or parking a police vehicle in front of a school, will deter a shooter. It may, but that SRO inside needs to be highly trained and equipped for active shooters.

As to Uvalde, I don't even know where to start. After Columbine and VT, it’s hard to understand how this could happen. It was without a doubt a total failure of LE until the Border Patrol guys went in. It’s another clear case of failure to act to save lives and protect, and poor or untrained supervision and management. If the officers had active shooter training, why didn't they utilize it? I hate to hear things like: “The officers got shot at, so they stopped and left the building.” Yes, you may get shot at, and you may get hit, but in that circumstance, in my opinion based on my training and experience, they needed to try to fight their way in to save those children.

In the Covenant School shooting, the officers did what they were supposed to: They made entry, moved rapidly to the shooter and eliminated the threat. Despite the tragic loss of life, it was a success for LE. But there are still lessons to come from it. If the school would have had trained, armed police or security, they may have stopped the shooter much earlier, just as happened in the Apalachee School shooting in Georgia in September of this year. Despite the outcome of the Parkland, FL shooting, there really is no substitute for having armed, trained police or even security inside a school.

BLUE: In looking at all this over the years, how do you see the events at VT in April 2007 and how you/VTPD and Blacksburg handled everything that occurred that day, including your response to the Norris Hall shooting? In hindsight, if the same attack happened today, would you do anything different?

CURTIS: I think Cho made a horrible error when he committed the first murders. Although it did create somewhat of a diversion, he didn't anticipate the activation and deployment of two SWAT teams. It was clear that command from both BPD and VTPD were actively assessing everything together and making critical decisions. Like Columbine, we encountered something different, a new tactic, something unique in the doors chained from the inside of a building with limited access points and small windows. Responding officers did what anyone would have: They tried to enter through the doors, then changed tactics and found a different way in.

As far as actions in Norris Hall, everyone on the teams did exactly what they were trained to do: go directly to the sounds of gunfire, gather intel while moving, and when no shots are being fired, slow down, communicate, search for the gunman, identify and eliminate the threat, then treat and evacuate the wounded.

Like so many other cowards, he chose not to engage our team and took the easy way out. I have to remind myself often that the actions of those teams did contain him and forced him to stop shooting. That saved lives.  Many more people were in the building and he had plenty of ammunition. We were fortunate in that we had command staff from both departments that worked well together, we had officers from other departments that trained and worked together. The teams had a mutual understanding of tactics and procedures for dealing with active shooters. As far as what I would do different, I've spent many sleepless nights since 2007 asking myself that same question. Basically, I would have used any means necessary to create an entry point, most likely utilizing a truck or vehicle to try and ram the doors. With the design of the doors and frames at Norris Hall it may not have worked, but looking back, it might have been another option.

BLUE: What should police officers nationwide learn from all of this? 

CURTIS: I think what should be learned from VA Tech is when responding to an active shooter, you have to expect the unexpected, and you have to anticipate that you may encounter something that you have never trained for in the past. Departments need to do regular joint training and “what if” the scenarios to death. It needs to be understood that these killers study each other; they study police tactics and responses, and try to find ways to defeat those tactics. Police should be doing the same thing with the attacks that have come, to include terror attacks like the Bataclan Theater shooting in Paris in 2013 or even the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida in 2016. The Pulse Nightclub shooting may not have been an actual terror attack, but those two events saw a similar tactic used that police weren’t ready for. But who on the LE – or even government – side is paying attention, studying these things and advancing our training ahead of the next attack? I can tell you, though, that there are a lot of bad guys out there doing that very thing.

While there are many things we should have learned from Columbine and the many school attacks that have happened since, the single overriding lesson is that police cannot delay a single second. Each second lost is a bullet that didn’t have to go into the head of a kid. Though it may be controversial still, that even includes a solo officer going in if backup is not arriving immediately. Under no circumstances can you wait minutes or an hour, as happened with Uvalde. You are a trained, armed adult and this is the calling you answered in life. You may get shot and you may die, but you can fight back. For children inside, they have nothing to fight back with and them dying is a 100% certainty.

In addition to his Navy and law enforcement service, during his police career Curtis served as an instructor, both in-house and at the police academy, in Firearms, Defensive Tactics, Active Shooter response, Chemical Weapons/OC Spray, SWAT, CQB, Advanced Patrol Tactics and Homeland Security. He has also taught Citizen Emergency Response Team courses and women’s self-defense. After retiring from law enforcement in 2014 with 28 years’ service, he worked another two years at the VA Tech Department of Emergency Management.

Dr. John Giduck has a law degree, a master’s degree in Russian Studies and a Ph.D. in Middle East Studies. His dissertation was on the evolution of jihadist terrorist mass-hostage siege tactics throughout the world. He has trained police departments and SWAT throughout the US. He is the author of Terror at Beslan: A Russian Tragedy with Lessons for America’s Schools; Shooter Down! The Dramatic, Untold Story of the Police Response to the Virginia Tech Massacre, along with co-author Police Commissioner Joseph M. Bail; and When Terror Returns: The History and Future of Terrorist Mass-Hostage Sieges. He can be contacted at john@circon.org.

SIRENS & SUMMATIONS: A Return to Being a First Responder

SIRENS & SUMMATIONS: A Return to Being a First Responder
By: Robert (Bob) Bianchi, Esq., NREMT

At 62 years old, I find myself back on the streets, but this time, not as a prosecutor in the courtroom but rather I am now proudly donning the uniform of a volunteer EMT at the South Orange Volunteer Rescue Squad, serving side-by-side with police officers, firefighters and first responders.

It’s an unusual journey, some might say, going from the structured world of law to the unpredictable, fast-paced life of emergency medical services (EMS). But for me, this shift has been nothing short of liberating and invigorating. It is also about getting back to things that mattered.  I was an EMT in high school through law school, including when I started as a young assistant prosecutor. As life would have it, I let my EMT certification expire.

At the time, my career as an assistant prosecutor was most relevant.  The experience, however, gave me a deep understanding of the challenges police officers face. I then worked closely with law enforcement for years, building cases, navigating legal battles, and ensuring justice was served. But as important as that role was, there was always a certain distance between me and the street; the real, raw side of emergency response. I watched the officers and first responders put themselves in danger day after day, serving the community with unmatched courage and selflessness.

I was then appointed the Morris County Prosecutor (2007-2013) and as the chief law enforcement officer it was a great honor to serve.

Little did I know, however, that decades later, I’d be walking in their shoes again, this time as an EMT. When I left the prosecutor role, it was time for me to “re-invent” myself!

A New Chapter, a Familiar Mission
When I decided to reclaim my role as an EMT after so many years, it wasn’t for accolades or recognition. I wasn’t chasing after titles or awards. It was about something deeper, a calling to serve in the most direct and hands-on way possible. The courtroom is a place where justice unfolds, but there’s a unique fulfillment that comes from helping people right where they are, in their most vulnerable moments.

I love the courtroom, but there you talk about things that happened, not as they unfolded.  You can do nothing to change the events, only opine about them.  On the street, it is vastly different!

The unpredictability of being on the street as an EMT is something I’ve come to love. You never know what the next call will bring; a motor vehicle accident, a heart attack or a domestic dispute. The stakes are high, and the response must be immediate. There’s no room for hesitation, and it’s here, in these moments of urgency, that the camaraderie between first responders truly shines. Working alongside the police again has been a deeply grounding experience. We share an unspoken bond, one forged through long nights, difficult calls, and the shared goal of saving lives.

Courage on the Front Lines
The courage of first responders — EMTs, police officers, firefighters — is something most people take for granted. These men and women face the unknown every day. They walk into situations that others would run away from, often without a second thought. And they do it not for praise or reward, but because it’s their duty. It’s what they’ve committed to, and it’s a calling they cannot ignore.

For me, stepping back into the role of an EMT at age 62 has been a humbling experience. I’m often the oldest person on the scene, but age hasn’t diminished my resolve. If anything, it has sharpened my focus. I’ve gained a unique perspective on life, one that only years of living and working through highs and lows can bring. I understand the importance of every call, every patient. There’s no time to take it lightly, and no room for anything but your best effort.

The most humbling part of this job is witnessing the bravery of others; the young officer who charges into a dangerous situation without flinching, the firefighter who rushes into a burning building, or the EMT who provides life-saving care under unimaginable pressure. These are the unsung heroes of our communities, and their courage inspires me every day.

Serving the Community Again
At its core, being a first responder is about one thing: service. Whether you’re a police officer, an EMT or a firefighter, your primary goal is to help others. That sense of duty transcends age, experience or background. It’s what brings us together and keeps us going, even when the job gets tough.

Returning to this world after years away has been a gift. It’s reminded me of the raw humanity of this work with the gratitude of a patient whose life you’ve saved, the relief on a family member’s face when help arrives, and the quiet satisfaction of knowing that you’ve made a difference. There’s nothing glamorous about the job, and that’s the beauty of it. It’s not about accolades or recognition. It’s about showing up, doing your part and leaving the community a little better than you found it.

Support Your First Responders!
Robert (Bob) Bianchi, Esq., NREMT

Partner, The Bianchi Law Group, LLC.
NJ Supreme Court Certified Criminal Trial Attorney
Anchor Law & Crime Trial Network
Morris County Prosecutor, frm
Hudson County Assistant Prosecutor, frm.
Nationally Registered Emergency Medical Technician
EMT- South Orange Volunteer Rescue Squad 
rbianchi@bianchilawgroup.com
www.bianchilawgroup.com